This
diagram shows a protein nanopore set in an electrically resistant membrane
bilayer. An ionic current is passed through the nanopore by
setting a voltage across this membrane.
If an analyte passes through the pore or near its aperture, this event
creates a characteristic disruption in current. By measuring that current it is
possible to identify the molecule in question. For example, this system can be
used to distinguish the four standard DNA bases and G, A, T
and C, and also modified bases. It can be used to identify target
proteins, small molecules, or to gain rich molecular information for
example to distinguish the enantiomers of ibuprofen or molecular binding
dynamics.