The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international research program
designed to construct detailed genetic and physical maps of the human genome,
to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of human DNA, to localize the
estimated 50,000-100,000 genes within the human genome, and to perform similar
analyses on the genomes of several other organisms used extensively in
research laboratories as model systems. The scientific products of the HGP
will comprise a resource of detailed information about the structure,
organization and function of human DNA, information that constitutes the basic
set of inherited "instructions” for the development and functioning of a
human being. Successfully accomplishing these ambitious goals will demand the
development of a variety of new technologies. It will also necessitate
advanced means of making the information widely available to scientists,
physicians, and others in order that the results may be rapidly used for the
public good. Improved technology for biomedical research will thus be another
important product of the HGP. From the inception of the HGP, it was clearly
recognized that acquisition and use of such genetic knowledge would have
momentous implications for both individuals and society and would pose a
number of policy choices for public and professional deliberation. Analysis
of the ethical, legal, and social
implications of genetic knowledge, and the development of policy options for
public consideration are therefore yet another major component of the human
genome research effort.
What is
the Human Genome Project?